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(From 20 June 1941 until 9 March 1942, the AAF and the AAC simultaneously existed as "branches" of the U.S. Only those Army Aviation units directly involved in armed combat such as air cavalry, attack helicopter, aerial rocket artillery, or assault helicopter operations were properly considered as "combat arms."Īrmy Aviation, as distinguished from the Army Air Forces (AAF 1941–1947) and its predecessor, the Army Air Corps (AAC 1926–1942), officially began on 6 June 1942 with the authorization for organic liaison airplanes to perform air observation for artillery units. For example, UH-1 and UH-60 assault helicopters fell under the Infantry Branch, UH-1 and UH-60 MEDEVAC units were Medical Service Corps, cargo aircraft units, such as the CH-47, CH-54, and CV-2/C-7 belonged to the Transportation Corps, OV-1 airplanes were under the Military Intelligence Corps, AH-1 and AH-64 attack helicopters, as well as OH-6 and OH-58 observation helicopters came under either Armor (for attack helicopter and air cavalry units) or Field Artillery for aerial rocket artillery (ARA) batteries. Until the creation of the Army Aviation Branch in 1983, different branches of the Army were proponent branches for specific aircraft mission/type/model aircraft. Army Aviation (e.g., Attack Helicopter and Air Cavalry units) (1983).Army doctrine has included combat aviation, special operations, and combat engineer forces into the combat arms classification. The Cavalry Branch was officially subsumed by the Armor Branch in 1950, although many units continued to have a "cavalry" designation. Anti-aircraft artillery then remained under the Artillery Branch until 1968 when it became a separate branch designated as the Air Defense Artillery Branch and the Artillery Branch was re-designated as the Field Artillery Branch. The Coast Artillery also included the anti-aircraft artillery, from 1920, until its disestablishment in 1950. The Artillery Branch included coast artillery until it became a separate branch in 1907.

Armor including Armored Cavalry, Light Cavalry, and formerly, Air Cavalry (Cavalry 1776 / Re-designated Armor 1950).

Field Artillery (Artillery 1775 / Re-designated Field Artillery 1968).

Army, the following branches were traditionally classified from 1968 until 2001 as the combat arms: The "classic" combat arms were infantry, artillery, and cavalry, defined as those branches of the army with the primary mission of engaging in armed combat with an enemy force. Army organizational doctrine uses the classification "Maneuver, Fires and Effects" (MFE) to group the combat arms branches, and four other branches, into Maneuver, Fires, Maneuver Support, and Special Operations Forces functional areas. In some Commonwealth Countries, the combat arms in the Army are:įield Air Defence is considered in the artillery branch in Canada, also all aviation assets are part of the RCAF not the Army.Ĭurrently, U.S. The inclusion of special forces in some armed forces as a separate combat arm is often doctrinal because the troops of special forces units are essentially specialized infantry, often with historical links to ordinary light infantry units.

Armored troops constitute a combat arm in name, although many have histories derived from cavalry units.Īrtillery is included as a combat arm primarily based on the history of employing cannons in close combat, and later in the anti-tank role until the advent of anti-tank guided missiles. Army and Canadian Army, they are considered part of the combat arms. In some armies, notably the British Army, artillery and combat engineer units are categorized as combat support, while in others, such as the U.S. The use of multiple combat arms in mutually supporting ways is known as combined arms. In general, they are units that carry or employ weapons, such as infantry, cavalry, and artillery units. JSTOR ( June 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭombat arms (or fighting arms in non-American parlance) are troops within national armed forces who participate in direct tactical ground combat.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.